The 4 stages of dysphagia range from mild to severe, but no single, universally accepted scale exists. Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing. It occurs when there is a disruption in one or more ...

Most of us eat and swallow without thinking about what is happening, but swallowing actually is a very complicated process involving the brain, nerves, various muscles, two valves and the esophagus.

Presbyphagia refers to age-related changes in the oropharyngeal and esophageal swallowing of healthy adults. Sarcopenia is age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, organization, and strength. Good ...

Strong supportive evidence of effectiveness is not available for many dysphagia treatments so clinicians need to use best available evidence to support therapy choice Unlike compensatory strategies, ...