TfL combines open and closed loop systems, using Oyster Cards, contactless card payments, and NFC Google or Apple pay, alongside physical ticketing. Transport for London (TfL) has long been regarded ...

Miroslav Katsarov is the CEO of Modeshift, a technology company bringing intelligent transportation to small- and mid-size transit agencies. Open-loop payments have emerged as a high-profile trend in ...

Riders don’t care what kind of system you use. They care that it works and provides what they expect. They expect real-time updates, simple account management, and zero surprises. And public transit ...

In 2012, Automation World published an article looking at the decision factors faced when choosing electric or pneumatic actuators. More than a decade later, manufacturing engineers and OEMs still ...

An ecosystem-specific digital payment system called a "closed-loop wallet" enables consumers to make purchases solely from one brand, retailer, or service provider. Users can add money to their ...

People with type 1 diabetes require continuous insulin treatment and must regularly measure their glucose levels. With open-loop therapies*, insulin administration is manually controlled, while hybrid ...