General systems behavior theory is concerned with seven levels of living systems-cell, organ, organism, group, organization, society, and supranational system. The following article is an exposition ...

Systems theory was not originally a business theory. Indeed, systems theory was proposed in the 1940s by biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy, say Francis Heylighen and Cliff Joslyn in their article, ...

Newton’s third law tells us that for every action, there’s an equal reaction going the opposite way. It’s been reassuring us for 400 years, explaining why we don’t fall through the floor (the floor ...

The system approach principle places individual system elements in their environments and observes the relationships between them. Instead of studying a specific phenomenon first – an automobile ...