Systems theory was not originally a business theory. Indeed, systems theory was proposed in the 1940s by biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy, say Francis Heylighen and Cliff Joslyn in their article, ...

You may be tempted to organize your small business according to a traditional hierarchical structure. This structure starts at the top with a boss who passes authority down through managers to ...

A method of describing a complex structure introduced by Ludwig von Bertalanffy in the 1940s that relates the interaction of individual components of the structure to the functioning of the structure ...

An organization, by its most basic definition, is an assembly of people working together to achieve common objectives through a division of labor. An organization provides a means of using individual ...

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Using an interpretive grounded theory research approach, we investigate the utilization of organization-wide information systems in the competitive actions and responses undertaken by top managers to ...