Analog topologies abound for converting current to voltage, voltage to current, voltage to frequency, and frequency to voltage, among other conversions. Figure 1 joins the flock while singing a ...

For more than a century, scientists have relied on separate tools to measure the three core building blocks of electricity: volts, ohms, and amps. Each describes a different piece of how electricity ...

The very basics of operational amplifiers. Learn comparator, inverting, and non-inverting op-amp configurations. An operational amplifier, or op amp, is a dc-coupled high-gain electronic voltage ...