Neutrinos, often referred to as “ghost particles,” are subatomic entities that can pass through the densest of materials, ...

In the very early, very hot moments of the universe, the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces were actually the same force—the electroweak interaction. Scientists can now study this interaction ...

In physics, there are two great pillars of thought that don't quite fit together. The Standard Model of particle physics describes all known fundamental particles and three forces: electromagnetism, ...

In nuclear beta decay an up quark ‘u’ in a proton converts into an up down quark ‘d,’ turning the proton into a neutron and emitting a positron and a neutrino. This work affects interpretation of beta ...