In the winter of 1812, Napoleon’s once-mighty army left Russia battered, frostbitten, and starving. The infamous retreat claimed hundreds of thousands of lives, but until recently, no one could ...

Napoleon assembled about 500,000–600,000 soldiers to invade Russia in 1812. After arriving in Moscow without decisively defeating the Russian army, the Napoleonic forces found themselves ...

In 1812 an Italian soldier in Napoleon's multinational Grand Armee---the largest fighting force Europe had ever seen---wrote this letter home from Prussia during the army's retreat from Russia.

When Napoleon and his legion of multinational soldiers retreated from Russia in 1812 in the face of dwindling supplies and fierce Russian resistance, little did they know how much worse was yet to ...