Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

Editor's Note: To view a PDF version of this article, Click Here. Telecommunications operators are responding to the competitive threat of cable and satellite services by offering high-speed ...

You used to need a couple racks of modulator modules and related gear to accumulate and combine a full complement of TV channel signals that were ready to transmit. Now, you can do most of that with a ...

400G LiNbO 3 modulator and 56/64 Gbaud test kit show improved capability for high Baud-rate communications. ECOC demo: how the 56GBaud QPSK generation is effected. Research and development groups ...

Error vector magnitude (EVM) is a measure of modulation quality and error performance in complex wireless systems. It provides a method to evaluate the performance of ...