To understand COPD’s pathophysiology, it’s important to understand the structure of the lungs and how they work: When you inhale, air moves down your trachea and then through two tubes called ...

The current pathophysiology of COPD encompasses three main characteristics: emphysema, chronic bronchitis and small airway disease. Macrophages and neutrophils are implicated in this process; thus ...

COPD 1: pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognosis 23 March, 2020. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common respiratory condition involving progressive lung damage. This article, the first in a ...

Previous studies have shown that cigarette smoke (CS) is one of the major causes of COPD. Chronic bronchial inflammation induced by CS promotes lung injury, fibrosis and remodeling, ...

COPD is a chronic condition that causes inflammation, excess mucus, and damage to the lungs. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing long-term damage that may be irreversible.

COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The condition causes lung inflammation that leads to airflow blockage and breathing problems. [1] “COPD encompasses both emphysema and ...

Causes of death shifting in patients diagnosed with COPD Date: January 20, 2011 Source: American Thoracic Society Summary: Patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who ...

While smoking is the most likely reason you’re get COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), there are also several other known causes and risk factors. Learn more about how you can help ...

1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Tannourine Governmental Hospital, Batroun, Lebanon. 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal ...