Central bankers argue that programmable digital currencies may compromise the uniformity of money. We explore this in a stylized model where programmable money arises endogenously, and differently ...

We develop statistical inferences for a non-probability two-phase survey sample when relevant auxiliary information is available from a probability survey sample. To reduce selection bias and gain ...

Our paper employs smartphone data to construct an improved cash access metric by accounting for both spatial agglomeration and households’ travel patterns. We find that incorporating trip-chaining ...

US trade protectionism is making the economic outlook increasingly uncertain. To assess how consumer prices may respond to ...

Governor Tiff Macklem discusses how the trade conflict with the United States has affected the Canadian economy. He explains ...

Surveying Canadians Now on to another important tool: surveys. Like other central banks, the Bank conducts a number of surveys with the financial sector. 1 The results provide us with information on ...

Good morning. I’m pleased to be here with Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn Rogers to discuss today’s monetary policy announcement. Today, Governing Council maintained the policy interest rate at 2.75%.

Good morning. Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn Rogers and I are pleased to be here to discuss the Bank of Canada’s Financial Stability Report (FSR). Each year, the Bank assesses the stability of ...

Results of the First-quarter 2025 survey conducted from March 13 to 20, 2025. The Market Participants Survey results are based on questionnaire responses from about 30 financial market participants.

The trade conflict is clouding firms’ outlooks The Business Outlook Survey (BOS) indicator—a summary measure of results from key questions in the BOS—reversed its upward trend this quarter and remains ...

Overall, results of the first-quarter 2025 survey show that the escalating trade conflict with the United States is damaging consumer sentiment. Confidence in the labour market has weakened ...

What uncertainty means for monetary policy Let me now turn to how the Bank of Canada is navigating tariff uncertainty. At the most fundamental level, we are anchored by our monetary policy ...