Central bankers argue that programmable digital currencies may compromise the uniformity of money. We explore this in a stylized model where programmable money arises endogenously, and differently ...

We develop statistical inferences for a non-probability two-phase survey sample when relevant auxiliary information is available from a probability survey sample. To reduce selection bias and gain ...

Our paper employs smartphone data to construct an improved cash access metric by accounting for both spatial agglomeration and households’ travel patterns. We find that incorporating trip-chaining ...

US trade protectionism is making the economic outlook increasingly uncertain. To assess how consumer prices may respond to ...

Governor Tiff Macklem discusses how the trade conflict with the United States has affected the Canadian economy. He explains ...

Surveying Canadians Now on to another important tool: surveys. Like other central banks, the Bank conducts a number of surveys with the financial sector. 1 The results provide us with information on ...

Good morning. I’m pleased to be here with Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn Rogers to discuss today’s monetary policy announcement. Today, Governing Council maintained the policy interest rate at 2.75%.

What uncertainty means for monetary policy Let me now turn to how the Bank of Canada is navigating tariff uncertainty. At the most fundamental level, we are anchored by our monetary policy ...

What structural change looks like The economic consequences of a protracted trade conflict would be severe. But it would be a very different shock than the COVID‑19 shock. In the pandemic, we had a ...

Overview Results of the fourth quarter 2024 survey show that consumers perceived an improvement in their financial health relative to the previous quarter, mainly due to recent interest rate cuts and ...