Background: The increasing popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has introduced new public health challenges and concerns. While promoted as safer alternatives to conventional tobacco and ...

The forward price-to-earnings ratio (P/E) is a valuation metric that measures and compares a company's earnings using ...

We calculate compound interest based on frequency. This frequency is the compound frequency, which refers to the number of times an interest is calculated and added to the principal amount within the ...

Are you wondering how to calculate z-score in Excel? If so, you’ve landed on the right page. In statistics, a z-score tells us how far a data point is from the mean. While Excel still doesn't have an ...

Wondering how to calculate age with today’s date in Excel? If so, then we have a number of methods for you. When you’re managing data in Microsoft Excel, there are occasions when you need to figure ...

Abstract: In the battle against COVID-19, the implementation of an automated non-invasive system for COVID-19 detection offers significant advantages. By reducing exposure risks, such a system ...

bDepartment of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Therapies, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK ...