As renewable power rapidly reshapes global electricity systems, engineers face a growing challenge: how to operate increasingly complex grids with ...

1 Henan Polytechnic, Zhengzhou, China 2 School of Railway Transportation, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China This study mainly includes five sections. The first section primarily ...

Abstract: This letter deals with the estimation of the refractive index of snowpack based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. By leveraging its ability to handle multidimensional ...

Abstract: Optimization problems aim to identify the best solution from a wide range of possibilities. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is widely recognized for its simplicity and ...

Swarm Intelligence, inspired by collective behaviors in nature, is now being applied to robotics, enabling multiple humanoid robots to collaborate seamlessly on complex tasks. UBTech's Walker S1 ...